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What actions are needed to achieve and maintain the best possible health?
To enable the best possible health we must take into account, Health Promotion. This is the process of increasing individuals control over their health and to improve their health. Health promotion focuses on the prevention of ill health, providing opportunities for individuals to achieve positive health, resources to support healthy living and working environments also economic conditions and policies to protect people from harm. A document was developed for health promotion called the Ottawa Charter. The Ottawa Charter resembles a global approach to health promotion by W.H.O (World Health Organisation). It accounts for different social, cultural and economic situations while people are striving to achieve, increase control and maintain the best possible health. The Ottawa Charter is based on understanding that health is socially determined.
There are five areas of the Ottawa Charter. These include
„� Developing Personal Skills- involves providing information, health education and enhancing life skills. These actions are taken through, decision making, problem solving, resolution and goal setting. This leads to seeking individual¡¦s empowerment and control over their own health.
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„� Creative Supportive Environments- relates to the places where people live, work and play. It focuses on increasing people¡¦s ability within these settings, to make health promoting decisions.
„� Strengthening Community Action- focuses on the empowerment of communities to control actions within communities to enable better health.
„� Reorienting Health Services- relies on health professionals working together in attempting to support individuals and focusing on the well being of the whole person not just the traditional aspects.
„� Building Healthy Public Policy- relates to the decisions made by the government and by organisations that work towards health improvement. These actions contribute to ensuring safer and healthier public services.
Within the four aspects of health I have selected Drugs and Physical Activity to demonstrate how the Ottawa charter can be used to improve individual¡¦s health.
The definition of a Drug can be defined as any substance, when taken in the body alters its function, excluding water, oxygen and food. A drug may be legal, illegal or used as medicine.
Developing Personal Skills
How do you see this aspect affecting you?
Drugs may be helpful or harmful. Drugs which are used to contribute better health status such as prescription drugs are helpful. However, drugs such as tobacco, alcohol and marijuana have a negative effect, as most of these drugs are addictive and affect your social, emotional/mental health and socioeconomic status.
What information do you need and where can u get it?
You may need information on the drug you are taking and how you can stop taking it or alternatives of taking drugs. You can find this information from local doctors or councilors.
What skills do you need? How can you develop them?
To improve your drug intake you have to be motivated in quitting. You can develop these skills by having support from a councilor or close friends and family.
Creating Supportive Environments
How important are your personal networks in supporting you?
Your family and friends should be very supportive and help motivate you to quit.
What role does the school play?
Within schools the policy is, drugs can not be used to ensure safety of the students and good behavior displayed by students. But if students are having drug issues there are councilors offered to support them.
To what extent does the larger Social Environment add to or detract from your health?
The media and advertising help improve the health of people who take drugs. For example, the warning on cigarette packets. Or, within your community your friends may be influenced not to take drugs so you don¡¦t.
Does the physical environment have an impact on your health?
The surroundings and where you live have an impact on your health. For example, you may live in a community where a lot of people are against drugs and will support people in quitting and help them have the best of health.
Strengthening Community Action
Does the community place importance on this aspect of health?
Yes. Communities are concerned about people¡¦s health and people taking drugs. Communities like to support people in improving their health.
Is there any local community action already taking place in response to this aspect?
There are various youth centers, health centers, councilors and doctors which are willing to help people in improving their drug use to ensuring better health.
Will this action affect your level of health?
You will improve your level of health if you take the advice given to you.
To what extent can you become part of this community action?
You may join community youth centers and councilors. They will support you and give you advice in every way possible.
Reorienting Health Services
What services are available to support you?
There are youth centers, doctors, health centers, councilors and school councilors available in giving you advice to drug use and improving your drug use.
How do you gain access?
You can gain access through advertisements, pamphlets and newspapers.
Building Healthy Public Policy
What policies play a role?
The government has a policy for schools that smoking or any other form of drug can not be used within school grounds. There are smoke free zones in restaurants and alcohol free zones within communities to prevent people from taking drugs.
Do these policies affect your health?
These policies make communities better and enable people to maintain their health without taking drugs within the community.
Physical activity refers to any movement that results in some expenditure of energy. It is a broad term including fitness, exercise, active recreation and sport. It is performed to improve or maintain people¡¦s health.
Developing Personal Skills
How do you see this aspect affecting you?
Physical Activity will improve your physical, mental/emotional and social health. Physically you will maintain and improve your fitness level. By being physically active you will maintain your body weight which improves your social health. Mentally and emotionally you will feel happier and less stressed when physically active.
What information do you need and where can you can you get it?
You will need information on how to be physically active and how to maintain a good lifestyle. You can get this information from a doctor, health specialist or health teacher.
What skills do you need? How can you develop them?
You will need to be motivated in achieving a physically active lifestyle. You can become motivated by peers, family, doctors and teachers.
Creating Supportive Environments
How important are your personal networks in supporting you?
Your family and friends should support you and motivate you in being physically active in every possible way to ensure the best possible health for you.
What roles does the school play?
Within schools, teachers encourage students to participate in sport to maintain a healthy active lifestyle.
To what extent does the larger social environment add to or detract from your health?
Your social environment, such as your friends and family may be physically active and they may influence you to be.
Does the physical environment have an impact on your health?
Yes. The physical environment can impact on your health. For example, if the whether is good it is more likely that a person will be more physically active then when it is raining.
Strengthening Community Action
Does the community place importance on this aspect of health?
Yes. Communities are concerned about the physical activity of individuals. Communities would like to improve people¡¦s physical activity to improve their health status. For example, there are many sports within a community which people can join to keep physically active.
Is there any local community action already taking place in response to this aspect?
In the community there are various running events held for any age group. For example, 10 km bridge run, city to surf.
Will this action affect your level of health?
This may motivate you to participate and if you do participate you will improve your active lifestyle, maintain and achieve the best possible health.
To what extent can you become part of this community action?
You can join in and participate in any running event, or if you want to participate in a particular sport you need to sign up in a team.
Reorienting Health Services
What services are available to support you?
There are a different variety of sports to choose from. Or you can join a gym or even yoga, pilates or aerobics classes to keep physically active.
How do you gain access?
You can gain access through advertisements, pamphlets and newspapers.
Building Healthy Public Policy
What policies play a role?
The government tries to motivate individuals to be physically active through advertisements which are related to sport. Schools try to encourage students to maintain a healthy active lifestyle.
Do these policies affect your health?
Yes. This improves our health as we are motivated by government and school policies to be physically active and to maintain and achieve the best possible health.
In conclusion, the Ottawa Charter plays a big role in helping people to decrease their drug intake and maintain a physically active lifestyle to achieve the best possible health.
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