If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play paper at affordable prices with !

Dynamic characters are an essential part of any writer’s library. The author’s create personalities that keep readers captivated. Also, the author’s make us analyze what his purpose is of having dynamic characters in their work. Do they do this to give their work authencity or to give their play suspense and humor? Only the author knows the true answer. What I know is that dynamic characters are very important for plays. It makes the readers more interested in the story behind the play. Also, it makes us understand the attitude of the character at the beginning and end of the play. We can experience this in the plays “ The Rising of the Moon” by Lady Gregory and “ A Raisin in the Sun” by Lorraine Hansberry. These are plays that use dynamic characters as main characters who make us laugh, cry, understand and sympathize with them as they go through their change from protagonist to antagonist or viceversa.

The play that shows the main character’s change from stubborn to considerate was “ The Rising of the Moon”. In this play, the Sergeant ( protagonist ) is serious and determined. He believes in law and order and has a unique way of percepting things. From this description we can say that “ he is a large man with a peasant’s sturdiness, similar to a large dray horse”. He becomes the most interesting character in the play because we see that he needs to analize the situation as to whether he would let the criminal make his escape. But we see that as thye two men start to know each other, the

Fugitive revives the Sergeant’s patriotic feelings, letting the criminal escape.

The Sergeant lets him go because he realizes that he could have been in the criminal’s situation. There is a passage in the play that reveals the Sergeant’s realization when he says “ ...If it wasn’t for the sense I have, and for my wife and family, and for me joining the force the time I did, it might be myself how would be after breaking gaol and hiding in the dark...” (1170). In this part of the play we realize that the Sergeant has had a change of heart and we as readers start to suspect that the Sergeant is going to let the criminal go. The Sergeant is a dynamic character because he evolves from a strict, dominant, ambitious man to a more open � minded and considerate man for some readers. To others he changes into a bad, unthoughtful man due to the fact that some readers disaprove with the autor because they think that indirectly she is helping the idea that criminals should be let free under certain circumstances. Overall, the autor wants us to focus more on the message of the story because it shows us that even the person with a lot of values can be flexible with humanity.




The autor of the play “ A Raisin in the Sun” uses a very unique technique to focus on the characters. In comparison to the play “ The Rising of the Moon” they both present characters that go throught experiences with the enemy and we see how at the end of the play they have matured and grown into different men. In fact, in the play “ A Raisin in the Sun” we see a very dynamic yet ignorant character named Walter Lee Younger. This African-American, 0 year old man has a mentality of a child. He wants a better life for

his family by using the insurance money that his mother has received for his father’s death. At first, his mother refuses, but since she wants to trust her son she gives him the money. Walter, being at the time an immature and stubborn man, invested all the money that was given to him into a liquor store that eventually went into his friend Willy’s pocket. At first, us as readers get mad and frustrated at him, but then we realize that this had to happen because this event is what changes Walter from a boy to a man. We see that he has finally become a man when he, for a second time, refuses the money from the white people by saying “...Well- what I mean is that we come from people who had a lot of pride. I mean- we are very proud people. And that’s my sister over there and she’s going to be a doctor- and we are very proud-...And we have decided to move into our house because my father- my father- he earned it for us brick by brick...We don’t want your money.” (160). Walter evolves from a very ignorant, childish man into a very strong, independent man.

The Sergeant from “ The Rising of the Moon” and Walter Lee from the play “ A

Raisin in the Sun” are very different yet similar characters. They both confront individuals from the other side of the road and by the end of the play they become different individuals and develop different thoughts. The Sergeant becomes a man that is very considerate and thinks about the way he would have been without his family, he belives in the righteneous of other people and has faith that the fugitive , being free, will do something positive with his life. Walter becomes a mature, family man that would do anything for the happiness of his family. So here we can tell that they both are very similar. They both have families that they love and they both try to do what’s right. They

4

both have jobs that are to serve others, the Sergeant as a police officer and Walter as a chauffeur. They both are around the same age. Most importantly, they both know the importance of understanding what they as right and wrong and of doing what you believe in and this is what these two dynamic characters contribute to these plays.

Works Cited

Gregory, Lady. “ The Rising of the Moon.” Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and the Essay. Ed. Robert DiYanni. 5th ed.New York McGraw, 00. 1164-117.

Hansberry, Lorraine. “ A Raisin in the Sun” Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama and the Essay. Ed. Robert DiYanni. 5th ed.New York McGraw, 00. 167-16.

Shearin John. “I. Plot and Character” A Sample Analysis of The Rising of the Moon by Lady Augusta Gregory. 150.16.6.50/Faculty-Staff/John_Shearin/moonrise.html-1k-

http//www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=like+a+large+dray+horse





Please note that this sample paper on How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on How a dynamic character is different at beginning and end of a play will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Breaking Down Donne. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Breaking Down Donne paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Breaking Down Donne, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Breaking Down Donne paper at affordable prices with !

John Donne wrote the essay, Meditation XVII, from Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions. This piece was written three hundred and seventy-eight years ago in 1678. John Donne wrote this essay at a time when he was very ill. Due to this, the main topic of his essay is that of death and of ones own mortality. In the beginning he lets us know that he is sick when saying and perchance I may think myself so much better than I am, as that they who are about me and see my state may have caused it to toll for me The bell Donne is talking about is the one that tolls every time a parishioner dies. Donne says that he might be so sick that the bell may be tolling for him and he does not even know it. At this point he is so sick that people have to take care of him. He feels that the people caring for him may have caused the bell to toll for him, especially those who see how sick he really is. John Donne, emphasizes the unity of the Catholic Church and he describes her as being universal. He says that church ceremonies such as baptisms and funerals are important to him. The young children who are baptized and those who die are all linked to him through God. With every baptism there is another life added to the church family. This life does not act or survive alone. It is connected and affects everyone one elses life in the congregation. In this essay, Donne talks about all humans being a whole. He uses the book as a metaphor, saying that God is the author and every man is a chapter in his book of life. If one person dies, their chapter should not be torn out of Gods book. Instead it should be translated into a better language and every chapter must be so translated Donne believes that God has a hand in everything and that, all which happens, happens for a reason. He states that God employs several translators; some pieces are translated by age, some by sickness, some by war, some by justice; but Gods hand is in every translation. The translations of age, sickness, war, and justice are all things that can cause death. In that case, these elements can translate human beings into spirits of heaven or to anywhere else God chooses to send them. In the middle of his essay, John Donne gives a significant quote No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory wereany mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. This is the most popular quote in John Donnes essay and today people still use this quote in many ways, even though it was written almost four hundred years ago. Donne means that no one person can stand alone. Human beings need others for support and survival. Then he talks about the death bell. He says that the bell tolls for thee, meaning all humankind. Whenever the bell tolls it tolls for more than the one person who has died. It tolls for all those who are left behind to mourn. When a person dies, we not only mourn their death but we mourn our own mortality as well. The death bell can bring focus to our own lives and help us live and discover our meaning. Donne says that it is not enough to go through our own misery but we must all feel the misery of our neighbors and all of mankind. He says that, tribulation is treasure in the nature of if, but it is not current money in the use of it, except we get nearer and nearer out home, heaven, by it. Pain and misery will bring us closer to God. At the end of his essay, Donne suggests that thinking of our own death and misery is not enough. He says that often times we do not think of these things until we are dying. We must also take part in the misery and deaths of others. Through sacrificing and suffering in others miseries we become closer to God. By considering and experiencing the death of others as they leave this world, our thoughts turn closer to God and our own afterlife. At the very end Donny says that God is the only one who can assure out existence in the after life. I found Donnes piece very interesting. I also found it extremely confusing and quite a challenge, which is partially why I was drawn towards it. I read it over and over and took advantage of outside sources in order for me to understand it better. His style of writing is almost before its time and I wondered how this style relates to other works of this time. This work was written a very long time ago and it so well written. Every sentence must be broken apart and reread in order for it to make sense. He expresses themes and true life issues in such a small piece or writing. John Donnes use of figurative language is what he is admired for. He also usesmetaphors to characterize humankind and death. He also relates the human body to a chapter in Gods book. John Donne also asks questions in his essay. These questions add to his style and allow the reader to become more involved and to stop and think. I would like to know and understand more about his use of literary terms and style of his essay. I think that the new criticism approach could help me. Hopefully this approach would be able to aid me in analyzing his writing approach and style of the Meditation essay. After looking and researching an approach that would be most beneficial, I decided to go ahead and stick with the new criticism approach. I found that Internet sites were the most useful and abundant of all sources. Although it was difficult, to pinpoint an exact site that could give me a clear definition of new criticism. The sight I found was very beneficial in helping me understand the concept of new criticism a little better. This website was written by Sklyar Burris and was titled the Literary Criticism Study Guide. Skylar gave a good and clear overview of the numerous critical literary approaches. Before jumping into the paper itself, I thought it would be a good idea to find out the pros and cons of a criticism approach. Burris gave three major purposes of criticism. The first purpose is to help us solve a problem in reading. The second is to help us choose the better of two conflicting readings. Finally the third reason is to help us evaluate all literature and to have a better understanding of its meaning. After finding out some of the reasons for this critical approach, I searched for the site that gave the clearest definition of new criticism. I also found this in Sklyar Burriss website. The definition I received was that new criticism is a formalistic approach to literature and it involves a close reading of the text. Formalistic critics believe that all information necessary to the interpretation of a work must be found within the work itself; there is no need to bring in external information about the history, politics, or society of the time, or about the authors life. Because they are interested in what the work itself has to say, formalistic critics (presumably) so not view works through the lens of feminism, psychology, mythology, or some other such standpoint, and they are not interested in the works affect on the reader. Formalist critics generally delight in a close analysis of irony, paradox, imagery, and metaphor. They are also interested the works setting, characters, symbols, and point of view (4). In the site written by Skylar Burris, I also learned that there are special terms used in the new criticism approach. One of the terms used is tension. Tension is used to describe the integral unity of a work, which results from the resolution of opposites mostly in irony and paradox (5). Intentional fallacy is another term used and it is the belief that the meaning or value of a work may be determined by the authors intention (5). Affective fallacy, is the belief that the meaning and value of a work is determined on how it affects the reader (5). External form are the outside forms such as rhyme scheme, paragraphs, and stanza forms. Objective correlative is a term that refers to a set of object, or a situation, as a chain of events which is the formula of particular emotion, such that when the external facts are given the emotion is immediately invoked (5). I think that tension is a term that I would use most for this piece of work. I also learned some advantages and disadvantages to the new criticism approach. One of the advantages is that this approach emphasizes the value of literature aside from its context. New criticism is also a good starting place from all critical approaches and many other approaches must start at new criticism. Being that it has its advantages, it has disadvantages as well. In Burriss article, I read that through this approach the text is seen in isolation. Formalism ignores the context of the work. It cannot account allusions. It tends to reduce literature to just a few rhetorical devices, such as irony, paradox, and tension (6). This means that the history and conditions of when a work was written does not matter. Unfortunately, that is one of my curiosities relating to Donnes piece. I would have liked to learn more personal things about his life, illness, and time period; however, that probably takes effect in the new historical approach. Since John Donnes essay is such a confusing piece, it takes extra time and effort to understand it. This essay is not something that can be comprehended with only one reading. It must be read repeatedly and even then it is still confusing. In order to help me in understanding this work I went to the Internet and looked up some sites on this work. There are numerous sites on just this one piece written by John Donne. People have used pieces of his essay and applied them to different subjects and to all that is going on in the world. I found one site that was the best out of all of them. It was extremely helpful in allowing me to become more familiar and comfortable with his work, although I am not sure who the owner of this site is and have yet to receive their reply. This site contained John Donnes entire essay and it was written with annotations. These annotations allowed me to click on the areas that were most confusing and would help clear up any questions with its commentary. This site also had many links to other sites relating to John Donne. In Sklyar Burriss website, she also gave a link so that readers may have the chance to see a small example of a new critical approach, applied to a piece of literature. This was the most frightening part of the whole experience and there were no annotations for it either. What I saw looked like a text massacre. This was a piece that had been written by Sandra Cisneros. They then applied the new critical approach to it. The text had literally been ripped inside out, and by the end of the story, it was completely turned around with a different meaning. Unfortunately they didnt clearly explain how to do this. So after paranoia set in, I began to seek other sources that would give me guidelines in ways to apply the new criticism approach. After a not so successful search, I was ready to take a stab at it and attempt the application of the new critical approach to the Meditation XVII. At first I would go back to the basics and to the general definition of new criticism. With the new criticism approach, certain elements are focused on, such as irony, paradox, imagery, metaphors, settings, characters, symbols, and point of view. Most of these elements are self-explanatory but before I can apply these methods to Donnes piece, I must have a clear understanding of what they mean and represent. I think that point of view is the necessary place to start. I would apply the point of view approach to this piece by reading each sentence at the same time taking in to account who is telling this story. I already had known it was written in the first person point of view and now that I read it over, I realized that John Donne refers directly to himself in nearly every sentence. The Meditation XVII has many symbols within its text. Symbols are something that represents something else. The very first sentence starts off with a symbol, as Donne first mentions the bell. On the fourth sentence there is a reference to the church, which symbolizes unity, connection and being universal; however, it also symbolizes death, silence, and disconnection. In line nine, there is another symbol which is the chapter. The word chapter symbolizes the role of each man in Gods Book, which is also another symbol. The island is used as the symbol of humankind. This is used to show that no man/island can live alone and that companionship is necessary, with out it there is no true life. Gold is another important symbol that is talked about at the end of the essay. Gold is described a treasure, money, and as in a mine. When looking at in from the new criticism standpoint, the meaning and symbolism of gold is left out. Gold only seems and represents what it is, such as money. When not seen through the new criticism standpoint, we realize that gold is the symbol of a much higher meaning. Gold is the symbol or experience and suffering. The bell is the most important and symbolic symbol in John Donnes Meditation XVII. The bell occurs in the essay from the very beginning, till the very end. In each of these instances the bell is either tolling or ringing. Through a new critical view the bell can also represent life, and silence. Irony is a mode of speech in which the meaning is the opposite of what is actually expressed. When looking at the approach through the means of irony, the text changes tremendously. The first sentence states for whom this bell tolls may be so ill. When seen through the eyes of irony this could mean that for whom the bell is silent for, may be so healthy that he knows its silent for him and maybe the narrator thinks he is so much healthier than he really is, that when the people who are not around him, do not see him, they cannot cause it to be silent for him. Being that irony is the opposite of what is exactly expressed, it may suggest that people actually dont need others to live and every person is his or her own island. After attempting the new critical approach and not knowing if Im coming or going, I found that I do see Donnes work somewhat different. It is always different when a work is viewed and studied on a different level and approach. The new criticism approach allowed this work to be read through different eyes, creating a different opinion. I really did not care for the new criticism approach applied to the Meditation XVII. I have learned the hard way, that I am more interested in the history of a work and its author, instead of the exact context itself.



Please note that this sample paper on Breaking Down Donne is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Breaking Down Donne, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Breaking Down Donne will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Marketing. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Marketing paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Marketing, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Marketing paper at affordable prices with !

A product is defined as the bundle of physical, service, and symbolic attributes desiged to satisfy customers wants and needs. Goods are tangible products that customers can see, smell, hear, taste, or touch. Services are intangible tasks that satisfy the needs of customers.

The three major classifications of consumer products are convenience products ( frequently purchased items), shopping products ( products purchased after comparison), and specialty products ( thoses that offer unique characteristics that consumers prize).a.soft drink-convenience product

b.gasoline-convenience product c.Rolex watch-specialty product

d.winter coat-shopping producte.Godiva Chocolates-specialty product




f.DVD player-shopping product

Business products are classified as installations (major capital investments), accessory equipment ( capital items that cost less and last for shorter periods than installations), component parts and materials (finished business products of one producer that become part of the final products of another producer), raw materials ( natural resources such as lumber, beef, or cotton), supplies ( the regular expenses that a firm incurs in daily operations), and business services ( the intangible products that firms buy to facilitate their production and operating processes. Examples of these in order explained is purchases of Boeing 77s for Air New Zealand, laptop computers, chemicals, lumber, light bulbs, financial services.

The concept of quality or continuous improvement is firms trying to continually improve products and work processes to achieve customer satisfaction and world-class performance. It is very important in todays marketplace because the worlds best goods and services need superior performances.

A product line is a series of related products offered bt one company. Companies usually develop one of these to achieve the objectives of growth, optimal use of company resources, increased company importance in the market, and to make optimal use of the product life cycle.

A product mix is a assortment of product lines and indidvidual product offerings that a company sells. Marketers typically measure product mixes according to width, length, and depth.

. The stratgies marketers use to expand their product mixesis often firms purchase product lines from other companies that want to narrow their product mixes. Other firms expand their offerings by acquiring entire companies through mergers or acquisitions. Sears and Roebuck & Company acquired the mail-order firm Lands End in order to re-establish its general mail-order presence. A firm should asscess its current product mix to determine the feasibility of a line extension. Coach, recently decided to extend its offerings to include products as leather and wood directors chairs, leather handbags, and leather picture frames. Careful evaluation of a firms current product mix can also help marketers in making decisions about brand management and new-product introductions.

. The four stages of the product life cycle is the Introductory Stage, an example of this is didgitla cameras, broadband internet access, satellite radio transmission. The next satge is growth, example og this is cell phones, cable TV, DVDs, and personal chefs. The next stage is Maturity, examples of this include video tapes, and cable TV access. The last stage is Decline and examples of this include portable phones, and typewriter repair.

Marketers can extend the life cycle of a product by increasing frequency of use or users, finding new uses for the product, or changing package size, label, or quality. An example of each approach is special edition M&Ms for different holidays, The Got Milk? campaign is aimed at all sorts of nontraditional mildrinkers-anyone other than children or pregnant women-in an attempt to increase the number of people who drink milk. An example of a new use is mouthwash as an aid in treating and preventing plaque and gum disease. Food markeers brought out small packages designed to appeal to one-person households and extra large containers for customers that want to buy in bulk. The wine industry is well known for relying on packaging and labeling to attract consumers to its mature products.

It is just as important for marketers to identify the point at which a product should be deleted as it is to identify when to introduce or extend the life of a product because it determines if there going to put out a new product by eliminating or retaining weak products by how long it can hold out on the market. An example of a recent product deletion decision is shortages of raw materials sometimes prompt companies to discontinue production and marketing of previously profitable items. Alcoa discontinued making its brand of aluminum foil due to shortage of materials.

Please note that this sample paper on Marketing is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Marketing, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Marketing will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Fallon Worldwide. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Fallon Worldwide paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Fallon Worldwide, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Fallon Worldwide paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

Basically the case is about how Fallon comes up with unique, interesting ways to solve their client’s marketing challenges. Fallen is a well know advertising company. It was founded in 181 and they have won many advertising awards including two “Agency of the Year” awards given by Advertising Age magazine. The reasons why Fallon are successful are because of two reasons. One is because of their employees, and second is because of their culture varieties. In addition, the case also gives an example of Fallon’s work, like how Fallon reinvents the image of Lee brand jeans to teens by using Buddy Lee and contributes on BMW’s The Hire.

The biggest challenge Fallon have to face is to come up with something people haven’t seen before constantly. The differentiation is the main thing here. Customers are greatly diverse and generally, they get bored easily. So Fallon has to create advertisements that catch their attention right away and give them the “Wow, that is cool!” feeling.

One alternative for this problem is to see the customers as an individual rather than a big group. What I mean is that each customer has different and frequently changing interests. The solutions to this idea are many. Fallon could do surveys on what people are interests in currently or they can ask people directly about what they like and don’t like about the product.

I don’t really know Fallon that much but it seems that Fallon attracts young markets most of the time. Creativity has a big part to attract this type of markets because young people’s interests are constantly changing. Therefore I conclude that there are no precise ways to attract the young markets because they are greatly diverse. Ironically, diversity is the answer. Generally, young people want to be different than the others so I think market observation is the best way to find the information. Fallon could send observers to monitor clubs, malls, and other places where young people hang out. By doing this, Fallon could gain information on what’s in, what’s not, what would they like, and many else. This information will benefits all business corporation.






Please note that this sample paper on Fallon Worldwide is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Fallon Worldwide, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Fallon Worldwide will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Buddy. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Buddy paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Buddy, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Buddy paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

Buddy

Buddy comes from a family, which doesn’t really treat buddy with respect. His mother and his father don’t help Buddy especially not his father. One day Buddy was offered to go on a school trip but he didn’t dare tell his mum or dad because he knew they couldn’t afford it. So as Buddy really wanted to go on the trip he stool £5.00 out of his mother’s purse. Once Buddy stool £5.00 he said to himself that he better stop stealing other wise he’ll turn out like his father. At school Buddy was a very bright kid and he was moved to the top class which was called the E class. E meant E = express. Buddy thought that he should tell his mum about the money but he knew that he would get yelled at. Buddy was quiet upset because his mother and father spent more money on cigarettes and not on him. Buddy mum and dad always argued and it was normal about Buddy’s dad wasting a lot of money at the pub and he mixing with the wrong crowd.

Buddy was in his room and heard the door g and it was his mum he could tell that she was in a bad mood how she slammed shut the door. Buddy knew that his mum found out that buddy had taken the money from her purse. At first buddy denied it and said that it could have been some one from work in her office but then buddy owned up and said it was him. Buddy felt sad and wanted to be forgiven but a strange thing happened was that his mum was crying because buddy took the money. Buddy felt really bad because buddy had never seen his mum cry before. Buddy was pleading for forgiveness but his mum shouted out

“ Father like Son.”




After that buddy went to sleep trying to thing of what he could do to make his mum forgive him but he thought of nothing. In the morning went down stairs and it was really quiet and buddy went into the kitchen and saw his dad asleep sprawled over the table. Buddy woke him up to ask where his mum was but buddy’s dad just shagged his shoulder. Buddy’s dad took him for a walk and decided that its time for the truth. For the past couple of years I have been in prison because I broke into someone’s house. Buddy was shocked and carry on walking. Once Buddy got home he realised that his mum probably left because of he could hear them arguing the night before. Buddy was hoping that when he got home from school that his mum would be home but when buddy got home she wasn’t there. Buddy was waiting for his mum to come home but after months of waiting buddy gave up and knew that she wouldn’t come home. During this time it was just buddy and his dad and they didn’t talk to each other because they had nothing to talk about and wasn’t very fond of each other. Buddy thought that it was his fault that his mum left because he stool the money from his mum purse.

While buddy mum wasn’t there he didn’t have any more to catch the bus the bus to school so he hate to walk because his dad didn’t have a job and buddy thought that he wouldn’t ever have a job. And because they didn’t have enough money buddy didn’t have the right uniform because he’s trousers broke so he hate to were blue jeans.

As buddy’s mum went his dad hate to get rid of his aryl and when he got home from selling is aryl he was moaning about to buddy trying to make out it was all his fault. Buddy was still trying to get over his mum leaving so suddenly. He went to school like normal but it was getting worse. Mr Normington was making fun of he. Because of the clothes he wore and how he smells and that put buddy real down.

The next day Mr Normington gave out a letter about parents evening and normally it was his mother that goes but buddy didn’t know if he should show hiss father or not. H thought that he could make up an excuse saying that his mother and father have to work that night and can’t fit any of the times. But buddy went to school the next day and Mr Normington asked if his mother or father was going. Mr Normington was nearly shouting at buddy saying he got a time for every parent and he want to know by tomorrow.

Buddy went home and decided to show his dad the letter but when buddy showed him the letter he had know idea what it was. So buddy explains and buddies dad said things like what’s it for and why should I go.

So then Buddy went into school and told Mr Normington that he could go.

When the parent evening came buddies father go dressed up all in leather. When they were walking to the school buddy kept a few steps ahead so it didn’t look like they were together. Buddy was worried about his dad. He thought what if he makes a total fool of himself.

Buddy thought that school was really far away because they were walking really slowly and buddy could tell that his dad was worried.

Once the parents evening was over buddy was happy that it was over even though it went all right.



Please note that this sample paper on Buddy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Buddy, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Buddy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on ratio analysis. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality ratio analysis paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in ratio analysis, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your ratio analysis paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

Ratio analysis

Ratio analysis is the organisation of information in financial statements to enable or permit entities (I.e. companies, sole traders etc) of the financial statements to deduce conclusions regarding their financial performance.

It is the initial stage in assessing an entity and it serves as a foundation for providing entities with relevant information which aids their decision of what to investigate further.

However, ratios can be expressed as a percentage, as a fraction or as a proportion. They are presented according to the needs of the users of the information.




Although, it is possible to calculate a large number of ratios, not all ratios are beneficial to users. The only ratios that may be worth calculating are those that are based on key relationships and are therefore meaningful to users.

However, there are many groups of people who are interested in using ratios. Some of these groups are shareholders, lenders, customers, suppliers, employers, government agencies and competitors.

Ratio analysis can be used to review trends and compare similar entities with each other in terms of their financial performance. It also simplifies financial statements so that readers can interpret and usefully apply it to their maximum satisfaction which otherwise would have been uninformative and misinterpreted by readers except those who posses very high skills.

Ratios can be grouped into five categories. Each individual category indicates a certain aspect of financial performance. These five categories are profitability, efficiency, solvency, investment and gearing and under these categories are various ratios.

Profitability indicates how well a company is performing. The primary objective of businesses coming into existence is solely depended on profits. Therefore profitability ratios indicates the extent to which this purpose is achieved, taking into consideration the performance of management and a company’s performance relative to its competitors, hence sharing the worth of investing in a company.

Efficiency measures the extent to which resources are utilised by entities to generate output. It may be affected by factors such as shortage of skilled labour or deliberate under production of output to maximise profitability.

The third category is solvency which is also known as liquidity. It is measured by the ability of entities to ensure that their debts are paid at the appropriate time and likewise the ability of debtors to pay the correct amount they owe to entities. This is very essential to businesses as they can only remain solvent by ensuring the availability of adequate resources. Solvency aids in judging whether or not businesses posses a good financial status before being granted loans.

Investment is the fourth category and it indicates the performance of entities in relation to the number and price of their shares and dividends. Last but not least there is gearing which is concerned with the relationship that exists between the financial contribution made by the owners of a business and the contribution by outsiders, and its impact on the financial decision making by managers.

However, under these five categories are various ratios. But for this assignment, I’m going to identify and describe six of these ratios.

The six key ratios are

Return on capital employed (R.O.C.E)

Current ratio

Acid test ratio

Stock turnover

Gearing and price/earning ratio

Firstly, return on capital employed ratio compares the profit earned before interest and taxation to the funds used to generate that return (which is usually the total of all suppliers of long-term finance before any deductions for interest payable to lenders or payments of dividends to shareholders are made).



Therefore R.O.C.E = Net profit

Capital employed

For example If the net profit before interest and taxation of a business was £45,000 and the opening capital employed was given as £00.000. The

R.O.C.E = 45,000 x 100 = 5%

00,000

However theoretically the higher the ratio, the more profitability the resources of the company have been used. Therefore although in my example the ratio is not very high, it is still significant which shows that the business under my example maybe worth while running.

I chose return on capital employed because its very appropriate for measuring the performance of entities as it compares inputs (i.e. capital investment with inputs i.e. profits). It is however very essential because the outcome of the measure (i.e. whether R.O.C.E is adequate or inadequate) is what makes people invest their money in businesses.

On the other hand R.O.C.E is difficult to define unlike the current ratio, therefore one needs to be careful when comparing the R.O.C.E calculated for one company and when reporting it for another.

Secondly current ratio compares total current assets (I.e. cash and those assets held that will soon be turned into cash to total current liabilities I.e. creditors due within one year), which is intended to indicate whether there are sufficient short term assets to meet the short term liabilities. Current ratio is calculated as follows

Current ratio = Current assets

Current liabilities (creditors due within one year)

For example if the total current assets are £60,000 and the total current liabilities are £0,000. This acne be expressed as £60,000£0,000 = 1

Current ratio = 60,000 =

0,000

When dealing with current ratio, the higher the ratio the more liquid the business is considered to be. Therefore a higher current ratio is usually preferred to a lower ratio as it is very important for the survival of a business.

From this I can conclude that the business in my example is worth while as the current ratio is high. However I chose current ratio because it gives an insight of whether resources are being used productively or not, hence giving uses and ideas of whether a business would be worth while or not. On the other hand, it becomes problematic if a business has a very high ratio as this may suggest that funds are being tied up in a cash or other liquid assets and therefore are not being used productively as they might otherwise be.

Another problem with current ratio is the notion of an ideal current ration being 1 as there is failure to take into account the different current ratio requirements for different types of businesses.

Thirdly acid test ratio compares current assets, excluding stock with current liabilities. It is calculated as

Acid test = Current assets (excluding stock)

Current liabilities (creditors due within one year)

For example If the total current assets of a business including stock is £4,000 and are worth £4,000 and total current liabilities are £0,000

The acid test ratio = 4,000-4,000= 0.

0,000

This can also be expressed as 0.1

We can see that the ‘liquid’ current assets of the business under my example do not quite cover the current liabilities, therefore the business may be experiencing some liquidity problems. Therefore the business under this example may not be worth while. However in some types of businesses cash flows maybe strong, in this instance it maybe usual for the acid test ratio to be below 1.0 without causing liquidity problems.

I chose acid test ratio because in some business situations the current ratio may be a less suitable ratio for testing liquidity as it may be better to exclude a particular asset from the major liquidity, the hence the need arisen to use acid test ratio as a measure of liquidity. However that problem with this ratio is that the balance sheet figures may not be representative of that liquidity position during the year as a result of facts as the seasonal nature of such a business.

Fourthly the average which is stock turnover period which measures the average period for which stocks are being held.

Therefore average stock turnover = average stock held x 65 (days in a year)

Cost of sales

For example if the average stock held of a company is £50,000 and the cost of sales are £400,000

Therefore stock turnover period = 50,000 x 65

400,000



= 45.6 days

This implies that on average the stock held is being turned over every 46days.

Businesses prefer a low stock turnover period to a high period as funds tied up in stocks cannot be used for other purposes. However judging the amount of stock to be held, a lot of things have to be taken into consideration such as possible future shortages, future price rises perish ability of products etc.

I chose the average stock turnover as a key ratio because it is useful for company trends over time. Sometimes, there are difficulties in compiling the stock turnover ratio especially if the cost of sales is not available as it is tempting to use sales instead which is wrong as sales are expressed at selling prices and stock is expressed at cost price. Another problem with stock turnover is that the results (I.e. whether there is rising or falling stock turnover) maybe misinterpreted.

Gearing ratio measures the contribution of long-term lenders to the long-term capital structure of a business.

Gearing ratio=long-term liabilities x 100

Share capital+ reserves+ long-term liabilities

For example if the long-term liabilities of an entity was £400 and the share capital and reserves were £500

Then the gearing ratio= 400 x 100

500+400

=44.6%

This ratio indicates that the level of gearing is very high. Therefore, in this particular business, there is a high risk of the business becoming insolvent as the business has a very high financial burden of committing to paying interest charges and capital repayments. I chose the gearing ratio because it is very suitable when analysing entities where the owners have insufficient funds and therefore the only way they can finance their businesses adequately is by seeking external help. However, the gearing ratio becomes problematic when returns generated from borrowed funds doesn’t exceed the cost of paying interest.

The Price/Earning ratio relates the market value of a share to the earnings per share. The ratio can be calculated as

Price/Earnings ratio=Market value per share

Earnings per share

For example if the market value per share in a company is £4.50 and the earnings per share is £0.50

The Price/Earning ratio=£4.50

£0.50

=14.8times



This ratio indicates that the capital value of the share is 14.8 times higher than its current level of earnings. This also shows that there is a high market confidence in the future earning power of the company ,therefore the company under my example will attract more investors.

I chose this particular ratio because it provides a useful guide to market confidence for he future and can be very relevant when comparing different companies.

On the other hand, the possibility of differences in accounting convertions between entities can result in different profit and earnings per share figures and therefore distort comparisons.

Although ratios are useful, they also have limitations. Ratios derieved can be misleading if taken at face value. It is however essential that they are placed in context and that interpretation goes beyond a superficial comparison to general norms as there are different ways of defining ratios. They can also be misleading and therefore result in poor quality decision making as accounting numbers used in ratios are affected by different accounting policies.

We have to take into consideration the fact that no two companies are exactly alike in the nature of their operations and therefore comparisons must make allowances for different types of businesses. Also, many companies operate in more than one industry so that comparison with industry norms has to be treated with care.

The balance sheet is only a snapshot in time and does not represent the year as a whole so ratios should not be relied on exclusively as doing so may result in loosing sight of the information in the financial statement. We also have to bear in mind that ratios are an initial stage from which to identify further questions and are exclusive of answers. Most importantly, ratios are also based on financial statements and are therefore dependant on the quality of the financial statements.

Last but not the least, care should be taken when stating ratios to show the form being used. Examples as a proportion-as in current ratio 1,as a percentage- as in R.O.C.E. of %.

In conclusion, we can see that ratios aids in analysing the different aspects of the position and performance of entities. Therefore they can be very useful and give us an insight of a business if used appropriately. It also explores the problems arising due to a business performing too profitably (overtrading). In other words ratios can be used to detect overtrading.

Although, ratios make obvious the strengths and weaknesses about financial performance and position, they do not identify underlying causes However this can be done through a thorough investigation of business practices and records.

REFERENCES

Business Accounting - by Frank Wood and Alan Sangster

Accounting & Finance for Non-Specialists-by Peter Atrill & Eddie Mc Laney

Please note that this sample paper on ratio analysis is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on ratio analysis, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on ratio analysis will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on A Gathering of Old Men. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality A Gathering of Old Men paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in A Gathering of Old Men, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your A Gathering of Old Men paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

A Gathering of Old Men

(18 Knopf Edition)

In the novel A Gathering of Old Men, Ernest J. Gaines, portrays the Novel through the eyes of individual narrators involved on the events of the day. The novel focuses on a group of cowardly black men who finally stop running and stand up for themselves for their years of suffering. In the bayou country of deepest Louisiana, in the late 170s, a Cajun farmer is found shot dead. At the scene there is one young white woman and about 18 old black men, each holding a shotgun. The sheriff is pretty sure who killed the white guy, hardly any of the old fellows standing around could hit the side of a barn. But the Sheriff’s interrogations, punctuated by slaps and threats, fail to crack or resolve their conflicting and confusing stories. Every single one claims guilt, though the dead man was killed with but one shot, and they promise a riot at the courthouse if the sheriff makes an arrest. Meanwhile, they wait for the inevitable lynch mob that is sure to be organized by the family and buddies of the deceased. By the climax of the story, everyones learned a little something, especially the beaten old black men who get a taste of their own power and courage.

There is great difference between the narration of the black people and white people. The black men grow through the novel and become individuals and depict their inner pain. The Cajuns do not see nor realize the years of pain and guilt that the black men have carried with them. The story illustrates two worlds, the inner world is the life in Marshall Quarters, the old black men and their family; the outer world being everything outside the Quarters, Fix, the Cajuns, and even the white people. The blacks have an inner family that has experienced similar hardships and treat each other in ways that are considered offensive by those members of the outside world.




One of the most prominent examples is his use of the Christian names, given by their ancestors slave owners; and their nicknames. Before each black person narrates they are introduced, Grant Bello aka Cherry. Throughout the entire novel all black people have a nickname in which they only allow the inner world to refer to them. When Yank is confessing the crime of killing Beau Griffin begins to take down the name Yank. Y-a-n- and is corrected Sylvester J. Battly . Be sure to spell Sylvester and Battly right, if you can (Gaines ). The name he wants printed to the outside world is his real name, not the silly nickname his inner ring of friends refer to him as. These nicknames they find harmless by their peers, are offensive by others. When Charlie comes back, now a man, he wants to have a handle, too-like Mister. Mr. Biggs (Gaines 187). This demonstrates the two distinct worlds of the blacks and whites. The nicknames are offensive if spoken by those outside their world.

There are continuous examples through the novel that illustrate the presence and difference in the two worlds. Each of the old men tells a story of pain due to oppression by the white man. These stories automatically separate Mapes, Fix, or even Candy from the world and lives of the men. The common thread that unites these men is their story. Only on this day do they become individuals versus a group, a world with a common thread. They became individuals by telling their story that also depicted the difference in worlds. When Johnny Paul tells his story of the palm-of-Christians he tells Mapes, the outer world, No, Sheriff, you dont see. You do not even know what I dont see (Gaines 8). The black men have different experiences and histories that separate them from the outside world. This is constant though the stories. To the Cajuns, the graveyard is more land, but to the blacks its their ancestors and identity. Without the graveyard, they will not be remembered.

Each of the stories is a division between the two worlds. When Charlie returns to his world to confess the he killed Beau, he becomes a man. And says I want the world to know Im a man (Gaines 187). By admitting his actions and standing up for himself he is proud. Although his action is murder, he still believes the world needs to see him as a man. In the end of the novel Mathu makes the decision to ride with Clatoo and the others that greatly symbolizes the two worlds. The inner world sticks together, especially after they have found their identities. Many of the differences of the two worlds are portrayed by symbols or symbolic statements. Candy refers to the old black men as her people, I will protect my people (Gaines 1). She is not a part of that inner world, possibly apart of Mathus world, but not the inner world in general. By calling them her people, she claims ownership, which is far in the past. She is white and has not been oppressed by the white men for years. Luke Will and Charlie Biggs represent the extremes of the two worlds. They are the members that take the most outrageous action; therefore, they stand of the symbols that represent the prevention of change and change. They are of two different worlds, and yearns for two different goals.

Their speech is also a symbol of the division. When the black men narrate they speak with bad English, for example, Chimley says Now, I aint even stepped in the house fore that old woman start fussing at me (Gaines ). When narration is from Miss Merle or Lou Dimes the slang is not portrayed. This proves the extent of the division, it is even visible in their speech. The story is set in the 170s; however, while reading the novel it did not appear as though the civil rights movement had even taken place. This was true only in the inner world, Marshall Quarters, not the outer world where Gil and Cal, Salt and Pepper, were playing football together. It also portrayed how Marshall Quarters is stuck in the past. Throughout the novel, the distinction of the two worlds become consistently more evident. The entire novel is based on these inner and outer worlds that separate the blacks and whites. These men were not violent, but on this day, they did not return home without a battle. They were standing up for brothers and sisters, children, and their ancestors who had dealt with years of pain, oppression, and disgrace. On this day they were all men, men who fought for their freedom, men who were proud.



Please note that this sample paper on A Gathering of Old Men is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A Gathering of Old Men, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on A Gathering of Old Men will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on E-Commerce/Webtrust. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality E-Commerce/Webtrust paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in E-Commerce/Webtrust, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your E-Commerce/Webtrust paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

This article discusses the consumer issues that CPA’s and CA’s are facing today with the web as a new market medium. Since a website can be created quickly, inexpensively and at almost any location in the world, the consumer may question the very existence of the business. Because of these concerns, the CPA/CA Webtrust, a unique seal of assurance for electronic commerce, was launched. CPA/CA Webtrust is designed to instill confidence in consumers and entities conducting business transactions over the Internet.

A Webtrust seal of assurance is issued by a specially licensed CPA or CA who has been hired by the business website owner to render the Webtrust assurance service. Once a seal is obtained, the entity will be able to continue displaying it on it’s Web site provided the CPA or CA Webtrust provider updates the assurance examination at least once every three months. Consumers will be able to access the website owner’s business policies, and the auditor’s opinion regarding business practice disclosures, transaction integrity, and information protection by clicking on the Webtrust seal of assurance on the web page.

Presently, no reported legal case has addressed the liability of accountants to third parties for disseminating misleading or false financial business information over a computer network such as the Internet. Several significant cases exist, however, which may affect accountant liability to third parties for computer-disseminated false or misleading business or financial information. A starting for an analysis of these cases is a discussion of the case law governing accountants’ liability to non-clients for negligence in the performance of auditing services.

The requirement of strict privity to establish an accountant’s duty to non-clients is the most restrictive standard on the liability continuum. Strict privity requires a contractual agreement (or direct connection) to exist between an accountant or auditor and another party before the latter can have a cause of action for negligence against the accountant or auditor.




Pacini, Carl and Sinason, David. American Business Law Journal, Spring 1 v6 i p47. “Auditor Liability for Electronic Commerce Assurance The CPA/CA Webtrust.” Retrieved September 1, 00, from the World Wide Web http//web5.infotrac-college.com/wadsworth/session/8/56/6654/4!xrn_5_0_A55178

Please note that this sample paper on E-Commerce/Webtrust is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on E-Commerce/Webtrust, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on E-Commerce/Webtrust will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Animal Farm. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Animal Farm paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Animal Farm, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Animal Farm paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

The purpose of the Russian Revolution was to fix problems from Czar Nicholas II. The purpose of the Animal Farm Revolution was to make life better for all the animals. However, both revolutions made life worse afterwards.

All of the characters in Animal Farm have counterparts in real life. This book was based on the Russian Revolution, and all the important populace of the revolution are symbolized. Some of the animals represent individuals in the Russian Revolution, and some types of animals represent different types of Russian citizens.

Mr. Jones closely resembles Czar Nicholas II. The animal rebellion on the farm was started because Mr. Jones was a drunk who never took care of his animals. This made his animals very angry. Fed by the words of Old Major the animals decided to rebel like the Russians. Czar Nicholas II was a very weak man who treated his people similar to how Mr. Jones treated his animals. Czar made his working class people very uneasy with the way he used his authority and preached all the time, and the people suffered and finally demanded reform by rebelling.

Old Major closely resembles Karl Marx and V.I Lenin. Old Major resembles Karl Marx because, like the political thinker, Major brought about and created the idea of Communism, or ‘Animalism’, the Animal Farm version of this system of thought. In a way, Major is associated with V.I Lenin of the Russian Revolution, the opportunist who brought and initiated the communist way of life on this land when it needed a new system-of-thought to help it’s troubled economy and the way-of-life it’s people were forced to live out every day.




Snowball closely resembles Leon Trotsky. Snowball believed 100% of Old Major’s ideas. Snowball

wanted all the things Old Major wanted, such as the welfare of the animals. Leon Trotsky believed and wanted

the same things as V.I Lenin, and wanted to continue what Lenin had started.

Napoleon closely resembles Joseph Stalin. Napoleon was selfish and greedy. He did not want to share the power or the decision making with any other individual. At first Napoleon and Snowball shared the decision making and had debates about what course of action they would take. This worked for a while. Then Napoleon grew weary of long debates, and he thought he could make his decision by himself. He then forced Snowball out of the farm and started to spread lies about Snowball to get the entire farm against him. Joseph Stalin did the same thing against Leon Trotsky. Stalin forced Trotsky into hiding in Mexico, where Trotsky was eventually assassinated. Both Stalin and Napoleon ruined any hopes of equal and fair government and instead, set up dictatorships.

Squealer closely resembles the Propaganda Department of V.I Lenin’s government. Squealer did not make the decisions in the government, but acted more like the controlled media as in the Russian government. Squealer’s job was to influence the people by exaggerating and re-writing history and sometimes even telling outright plain lies. The animals would listen to squealer, and Squealer would always listen to Napoleon. The Department would use any lie to convince the people to follow Joseph Stalin, and the Department benefited from the fact that education was controlled.

The dogs closely resemble the Secret Police (KGB). The dogs were Napoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to work. The dogs would kill or intimidate any opponent of Napoleon. The dogs were part of Napoleon’s strategy to control the rest of the animals. The Secret Police (KGB) was not really police, but they forced support for Joseph Stalin. KGB used force, and they often killed entire families for disobedience. KGB was extremely loyal to their master.

Mollie closely resembles the vain, and selfish people in Russia and the world. Mollie only cared about

her ribbons, and wasn’t much of a thinker. All Mollie wanted was to eat sugar, and look pretty.

Please note that this sample paper on Animal Farm is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Animal Farm, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Animal Farm will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best

Business Research is defined as a systemic inquiry whose objective is to provide information to solve managerial problems. Cooper and Schindler, 00 (p. 7). This paper focuses on the case Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best, and how good business research practices were utilized to resolve a management problem.

In 16, D. K. Shifflet conducted a survey on customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry. Most of those responding to the survey gave customer service a 7 or lower, with 10 being the highest on the scale. The management at Ramada Franchise Systems (RFS) faced the challenge of determining how they could prevent this downward trend from affecting their business. What could they do to improve customer satisfaction and deliver exceptional service?

Shifletts survey identified three areas that could affect customer satisfaction hiring, training, and motivation of employees. RFS conducted exploratory research to help define the problem. This is critical to success. As Albert Einstein said, The formulation of the problem is often more essential than its solution. Exploratory research typically describes the actions of a population, provides some understanding of the nature of the problems, and requires subsequent research. After this initial research, RFS determined the management question that needed an answer was, “Would developing a consistent set of standards and policies for all of the franchised properties to use for hiring, training, and motivating employees enable Ramada to deliver top-notch customer service?”




At this point, RFS used descriptive research. They contacted several companies that are recognized as leaders in the hospitality industry. They got in touch with Disney since they are noted for providing outstanding customer service and for hiring the best people. Southwest Airlines was contacted as they have captured the essence of fun in air travel. They also elicited information from Carlson Hospitality, owners of TGI Fridays, to find out why they had low employee turnover and high employee loyalty and commitment.

Ramada realized that individual property owners do their own hiring and as a result, the practice varied at each location. To help each franchise recognize and screen for energetic and goal-oriented people during the hiring process, RFS contacted Predictive Index to identify characteristics that were indicative of self-motivated performers. Additionally, the American Hotel and Motel Educational Institute was brought in to learn what other companies were doing to identify and hire the right people.

RFS also solicited input from their employees. They sent out twenty-four employees to visit 00 sites over a six-month period to talk directly to employees. Instead of using surveys, Ramada used a non-traditional approach. The meetings with the management and employees of each property resembled the opening of a new hotel - food and entertainment went along with sessions to frankly discuss issues and concerns, and to gather ideas.

The culmination of this research was a report created for each franchise. Employees felt the training methods were dull and unproductive. Using what RFS had learned from their previous research, they developed a comprehensive training initiative designed to encourage and reward employees for providing outstanding service to Ramada guests. Through instructional and interactive videos, educational speakers and certification classes, employees are trained and motivated to exceed guests expectations. The initiative also introduces employees to different career paths within the hospitality industry by offering tuition assistance and professional certification.

To document its new programs, RFS hired Unifocus to conduct in-depth surveys with the customers at each franchise property when they rolled out the Personal Best program. It also subscribes to D. K. Shifflets customer satisfaction survey.

This outline details the research process of RFS.

I. Problem Discovery and Definition

a. Read DK Shifflet’s Customer Satisfaction Survey Review

b. Defined problem to be lack of consistency in hiring, training, and motivating employees at franchises

II. Research Design

a. Interview companies known to deliver outstanding customer service

b. Interview employees to gather their ideas and concerns

III. Sampling

a. Disney

b. Southwest Airline

c. Carlson Hospitality

d. American Hotel and Motel Educational Institute

e. Employees

IV. Data Gathering

a. In-depth consulting with sample companies

b. Special, in-person sessions with employees and management

V. Data Processing and Analysis

a. Interpret the findings

VI. Conclusions and Reports

a. Communicate the research findings

i. Develop standard hiring practices

ii. Change the training methods to be more effective with self-paced, hand-on courses

iii. Implement improved motivational incentives

iv. Conduct surveys with customers � Hired Unifocus

v. Keep abreast of customer satisfaction ratings � Subscribe to Shifflet’s syndicate research

As a result of employing good business research practices to resolve a management dilemma, Ramada now gets exceptional employee service through its customer service initiative.



Please note that this sample paper on Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on THe haggary. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality THe haggary paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in THe haggary, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your THe haggary paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

The cellular organelle that I choose to describe is the mitochondria also know as “The Power House” of the cell. The mitochondria have two different membranes the inner and outer membranes. Between the two membranes is the space know as the inter-membrane space. These membranes are phospholipid bi-layers with a collection of if proteins embedded into it. The outer membrane is very smooth, while the inner membrane has foldings in it known as cristae. This area inside the inner membrane is known as the mitochondrial matrix, which contains many different enzymes and also contains some DNA as well as ribosomes. The cristae in this mitochondrial matrix give the organelle a great surface area for cellular respiration which is the mitochondria’s purpose.

The function of mitochondria is to generate ATP by extracting it from many different sources such as sugars, fats, and other fuels by using oxygen. Mitochondria do this indirectly using Kreb’s cycle. This cycle decomposes a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Other functions are to make steroid hormones and also manufacture the building blocks of DNA.

A great example of a medical condition that concerns the mitochondria is called MELAS or (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes. The effects of this are spontaneous muscle contractions throughout the extremities. Also drooping eyelids, memory deficits, stomach reflux, and difficulty absorbing nutrients. These are caused by defects in the mitochondrion known as the respiratory chain. The body cant function properly because the cells ability to make energy is reduced or even stopped. Then toxic by products begin to build up. This energy shortage leads to the many different side effects as previously stated.

“Cell Biology” Mitochondrial Substructure. August 7 001. Gwen V. Childs. http//cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/mitochondria_1.htm




“Mitochondria Research Study.” Mitochondrial Diseases. October 6, 00. Mitochondria Research Society http//www.mitoresearch.org

Mitochondria Structure. October 4, 00. Taylor University. http//www.tayloru.edu/upland/departments/biology/authorware/cell_respiration/mitochondria.html

The antibiotic Penicillin is a great example of an effect antibiotic. Pathogenic bacteria can cause many diseases such as Tb, pneumonia and others. Sometims the bacteria in our body cany cause certain health problems. The pathogenic bacteria are not always dangerous. We usually have to be in a very poop health condition and have to have a lot of bacteria invade our body. When this happens our body needs help to fight the pathogenic bacteria. In the first half of the 0th century(1) penicillin was beginning to be used. The penicillin is effective because it prevents the bacteria from producing there envelope. It inhibits the activity of the proteins that are required in builing the cross hatched like mesh of the envelope. However the over use of these antibiotic is giving the bacteria a sort of resistance and they are beginning to not be as effective.

“Infections Page” Helping to cure infections. April 4 001. Miguel Vicente http//www.cnb.uam.es/~mvicente/infections.html

Penicillin The First Miracle Drug. March 16 000. Robert Fogel http//www.herb.lsa.umich.edu/kidpage/penicillin.htm



Please note that this sample paper on THe haggary is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on THe haggary, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on THe haggary will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Simone Martini. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Simone Martini paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Simone Martini, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Simone Martini paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

Simone Martini

By

Arth 11

4-1-0




Simone Martini

Carr, Dawson W. Looking at Paintings a Guide to Technical Terms, Britain,1.

Gowing, Lawrence. Paintings in the Louvre, New York, 187.

Hartt, Frederick. Art a history of painting, sculpture, and architecture. New York, 176.

Janson, H.W.. History of Art. New York, 186.

Lengmuir, Erika. The Yale Dictionary of Art and Artists, London, 000

Pioch, Nicolas, “Simone Martini”. http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/martini/. 00.

“Martini, Simone”. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX, New York, 00 .

“Martini, Simone”. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Seventh Edition, 00.

“Martini, Simone”. Microsoft Encarta, Encyclopedia, 18.

Simone Martini was a Sienese painter during the thirteenth and fourteenth century. Martini was born in Siena, Italy in 18. He attended the Sienese school in Italy. Martine died in 144, in either his birth place of Siena or at Avignon, in France (Columbia, Seventh Edition).

Martini being a direct pupil of Duccio di Buoninsegns was one of the most original and influential artists of the Sienese school ( Lengmuir, 440). He introduced the fresco technique into the school. Building on techniques developed by Duccio for indicating three-dimensional space, Simone developed his own method, characterized by refined contour of line, grace of expression, and serenity of mood ( Encarta). Martini’s earliest authentic works is his great fresco in Siena of the enthroned virgin and child, which was an altar piece panel, this one was painted originally in 115, and restored by the master himself in 11( Catholic, Vol. IX). In 117, King Robert of Anjou invited him to Naples to paint, and created alter pieces for the Dominicans of Pisa and Orvieto (Columbia, Seventh Edition).

Simone lived in Assisi for a time, where he produced one of his greatest frescoes, illustrating scenes from the life of St. Martin (Pioch, 1). In 140, at the request of Pope Benedict XII, Simone traveled to Avignon, in the service of the papal court then resident in that place, and there he decorated various portions of the cathedral and several chapel rooms in the papal palace ( Catholic, Vol. IX). Among his works are Saint John the Baptist, and The Annunciation, considered one of the greatest achievements of the Sienese school (Lengmuir,441).

Simone’s Road to Calvary, which is a panel fresco and is 7/8 x 6 1/8, shows the figures not equal in size to their surroundings. The style of clothing appear to be fashioned after the styles of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. But the colors used in their clothes are bright and some or most are detailed in gold. One of the things that you will notice the most are the many different facial expressions.

Gowing, the author of Paintings in the Louvre writes this about this magnificent work of art Scrambling down the precipitous road out of Jerusalem, as it is depicted in this to Calvary. It is the bitter intensity of the color from the figure of Mary Magdalen onward, miming as usual her own distraught crucifixion, that sets the ritual progress on its way. Sienese painters had a vivid sense of community, its momentum and style. Here each follower or vicious persecutor presses as urgently about Christ as the rest (Gowing,6). The author of History of Art, points out influences of other artists techniques that exist in Simone’s Road to Calvary, He writes in its sparkling colors, and especially in the architectural background, it still echoes the are of Duccio. The vigorous modeling of the figures, on the other hand, as well as their dramatic gestures and expressions, betray the influence of Giotto. While Simone Martini is not much concerned with spatial clarity, he proves to be an extraordinarily acute observer; the sheer variety of costumes and physical types, the wealth of human incident, create a sense of down-to-earth reality very different from both the lyricism of Duccio and the grandeur of Giotto (Janson,50).

In 10 Simone created an egg tempera on panel called Saint Luke the Evangelist. This painting is to me less detailed than his other works that I have seen. Martini still uses bright color and a dominant facial expression on his subject. In Simone’s egg-tempera portrait of the patron saint of painters, the form has been created by many parallel strokes of color (Carr, 67).

The Annunciation, created in 1 which is a panel painting is of the Virgin Mary and the Archangel Gabriel. Simone positions them in very natural poses, because the Virgin Mary appears timid and almost worried by the words written in gold which face her, and her hands are held in a similar way to those of her visitor, who brings her a twig as a reminder of her mission (Pioch, ). The eyes are also drawn to the vase of flowers in the center and to the dove of the Holy Ghost higher up( Pioch,).

Simone’s Annunciation is a condensed cathedral façade, Gothic this time, with a deep gold border (Hartt, 41). The angel’s message, Ave gratia plena dominus tecum ( “Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee”; Luke 18) is embossed on the gold background. Mary, “troubled at his saying,” recoils elegantly, her face clouded with apprehension. This is an extraordinary and unexpected style, but graceful in the extreme, with all the characteristic Sienese fluency of line translated from Byzantine Geek into Flamboyant French ( Hartt, 41).

Because of Simone’s separation from the Byzantine tradition in favor of the more fashionable courtly French Gothic style of the early fourteenth century he was able to bring back the latest French imports( Hartt,41). His art is admired for its Gothic spirituality combined with a vibrancy and a great elegance of line. He was also introduced the fresco technique to the Sienese school (Columbia, Seventh Edition). And in doing these things he was able to open the door to many more ideas and options for the artists to come after him.



Please note that this sample paper on Simone Martini is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Simone Martini, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Simone Martini will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Acid rain. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Acid rain paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Acid rain, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Acid rain paper at affordable prices with Live Paper Help!

Acid rain has become an environmental concern of global importance within the last decade. With the increasing environmental awareness of the unhealthy condition of our planet earth the concern about acid rain has not lessened.

In brief, acid rain is rain with pH values of less than 5.6. When dealing with acid rain one must study and understand the process of making Sulfuric acid. In this project we will take an in depth look into the production of sulfuric acid, some of its uses and the effects of it as a pollutant in our environment.

Sulfuric Acid Industry in Ontario

Among the many plants in Ontario where sulfuric acid is produced, there are three major plant locations that should be noted on account of their greater size. These are




Inco. - Sudbury

Noranda Mines Ltd. - Welland

Sulfide - Ontario

There are a number of factors which govern the location of each manufacturing plant. Some of these factors that have to be considered when deciding the location of a Sulfuric Acid plant are

a. Whether there is ready access to raw materials;

b. Whether the location is close to major transportation routes;

c. Whether there is a suitable work force in the area for plant construction and operation;

d. Whether there is sufficient energy resources readily available;

e. Whether or not the chemical plant can carry out its operation without any unacceptable damage to the environment.

Listed above are the basic deciding factors that govern the location of a plant. The following will explain in greater detail why these factors should be considered.

1) Raw Materials The plant needs to be close to the raw materials that are involved in the production of sulfuric acid such as sulfur, lead, copper, zinc sulfides, etc..

) Transportation A manufacturer must consider proximity to transpor-tation routes and the location of both the source of raw materials and the market for the product. The raw materials have to be transported to the plant, and the final product must be transported to the customer or distributor. Economic pros and cons must also be thought about. For example, must sulfuric plants are located near the market because it costs more to transport sulfuric acid than the main raw materials, sulfur. Elaborate commission proof container are required for the transportation of sulfuric acid while sulfur can be much more easily transported by truck or railway car.

) Human Resources For a sulfuric acid plant to operate, a large work force will obviously be required. The plant must employ chemists, technicians, administrators, computer operators, and people in sales and marketing. A large number of workers will also be required for the daily operation of the plant. A work force of this diversity is therefore likely to be found only near major centres of population.

4) Energy Demands Large amounts of energy will also be required for the production of many industrial chemicals. Thus, proximity to a plentiful supply of energy is often a determining factor in deciding the plants location. 5) Environmental Concerns Most importantly, however, concerns about the environment must be carefully taken into consideration. The chemical reaction of changing sulfur and other substances to sulfuric acid results in the formation of other substances like sulfur dioxide. This causes acid rain. Therefore, there is a big problem about sulfuric plants causing damage to our environment as the plant is a source of sulfur emission leading to that of acid rain.

6) Water Supplies Still another factor is the closeness of the location of the plants to water supplies as many manufacturing plants use water for cooling purposes. In addition to these factors, these questions must also be answered Is land available near the proposed site at a reasonable cost? Is the climate of the area suitable? Are the general living conditions in the area suitable for the people involved who will be relocating in the area? Is there any suggestions offered by governments to locate in a particular region?

The final decision on where the sulfuric acid plant really involves a careful examination and a compromise among all of the factors that have been discussed above.

Producing Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid is produced by two principal processes-the chamber process and the contact process.

The contact process is the current process being used to produce sulfuric acid. In the contact process, a purified dry gas mixture containing 7-10% sulfur dioxide and 11-14% oxygen is passed through a preheater to a steel reactor containing a platinum or vanadium peroxide catalyst. The catalyst promotes the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to trioxide. This then reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid. In practice, sulfur trioxide reacts not with pure water but with recycled sulfuric acid.The reactions are

SO + O SO

SO + HO HSO4

The product of the contact plants is 8-100% acid. This can either be diluted to lower concentrations or made stronger with sulfur trioxide to yield oleums. For the process, the sources of sulfur dioxide may be produced from pure sulfur, from pyrite, recovered from smelter operations or by oxidation of hydrogen sulfide recovered from the purification of water gas, refinery gas, natural gas and other fuels.

Battery Acid Industry

Many industries depend on sulfuric acid. Among these industries is the battery acid industry.

The electric battery or cell produces power by means of a chemical reaction. A battery can be primary or secondary. All batteries, primary or secondary, work as a result of a chemical reaction. This reaction produces an electric current because the atoms of which chemical elements are made, are held together by electrical forces when they react to form compounds.

A battery cell consists of three basic parts; a positively charged electrode, called the cathode, a negatively charged electrode, called the anode, and a chemical substance, called an electrolyte, in which the electrodes are immersed. In either a wet or dry cell, sufficient liquid must be present to allow the chemical reactions to take place.

Electricity is generated in cells because when any of these chemical substances is dissolved in water , its molecules break up and become electrically charged ions. Sulfuric acid is a good example. Sulfuric acid, HSO4, has molecules of which consist of two atoms of hydrogen, one of sulfur and four oxygen. When dissolved in water, the molecules split into three parts, the two atoms of hydrogen separate and in the process each loses an electron, becoming a positively charged ion (H+). The sulfur atom and the four atoms of oxygen remain together as a sulfate group (SO4), and acquire the two electrons lost by the hydrogen atoms, thus becoming negatively charged (SO4--). These groups can combine with others of opposite charge to form other compounds.

The lead-acid cell uses sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. The lead-acid storage battery is the most common secondary battery used today, and is typical of those used in automobiles. The following will describe both the charging and discharging phase of the lead-storage battery and how sulfuric acid, as the electrolyte, is used in the process. The lead storage battery consists of two electrodes or plates, which are made of lead and lead peroxide and are immersed in an electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid. The lead is the anode and the lead peroxide is the cathode. When the battery is used, both electrodes are converted to lead sulfate by the following process. At the sulfate ion that is present in the solution from the sulfuric acid. At the cathode, meanwhile, the lead peroxide accepts two electrons and releases the oxygen; lead oxide is formed first, and then lead joins the sulfate ion to form lead sulfate. At the same time, four hydrogen ions released from the acid join the oxygen released from the lead peroxide to form water. When all the sulfuric acid is used up, the battery is discharged produces no current. The battery can be recharged by passing the current through it in the opposite direction. This process reverses all the previous reactions and forms lead at the anode and lead peroxide at the cathode.

Proposed Problem

i) The concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.044 mol/L.

The pH is No. mol of hydrogen ions = 0.044 mol/L x

= 0.0886 mol/L hydrogen ions pH = - log [H]

= - log (0.0886)

= - (-1.055)

= 1.05

Therefore, pH is 1.05.

ii) The amount of base needed to neutralize the lake water is

volume of lake = 000m x 800m x 50m

= 800,000,000 m or 8x108 m

since 1m=1000L, therefore 8x1011 L

0.044 mol/L x 8x1011 = .54 x 1010 mol of HSO4 in water

# mol NaOH = .54 x 1010 mol HSO4 x mol NaOH

1 mol HSO4

= 7.08 x 1010 mol of NaOH needed

Mass of NaOH = 7.08 x 1010 mol NaOH x 40 g NaOH

1 mol NaOH

= .8 x 101 g NaOH

or .8 x 10 kg NaOH

Therefore a total of .8 x 101 g of NaOH is needed to neutralize the lake water.

iii) The use of sodium hydroxide versus limestone to neutralize the lake water

Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide produces water when reacting with an acid, it also dissolves in water quite readily. When using sodium hydroxide to neutralize a lake, there may be several problems. One problem is that when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water, it gives off heat and this may harm aquatic living organisms. Besides this, vast amounts of sodium hydroxide is required to neutralize a lake therefore large amounts of this substance which is corrosive will have to be transported. This is a great risk to the environment if a spill was to occur.

The following equation shows that water is produced when using sodium hydroxide.

NaOH + HSO4 Na SO4 + HO

Limestone Another way to neutralize a lake is by liming. Liming of lakes must be done with considerable caution and with an awareness that the aquatic ecosystem will not be restored to its original pre-acidic state even though the pH of water may have returned to more normal levels. When limestone dissolves in water it produces carbon dioxide. This could be a problem since a higher content of carbon dioxide would mean a lowered oxygen content especially when much algae growth is present. As a result, fish and other organisms may suffer. Limestone also does not dissolve as readily as sodium hydroxide thus taking a longer period of time to react with sulfuric acid to neutralize the lake. The equation for the neutralization using limestone is as follows

Ca CO + HSO4 ÄÄ CaSO4 + HO.

iv) The effect of the Acid or excessive Base on the plant

and animal life

You will probably find that there arent many aquatic living organisms in waters that are excessively basic or acidic. A high acidic or basic content in lakes kill fishes and other aquatic species. Prolonged exposure to acidic or excessively basic conditions can lead to reproductive failure and morphological aberration of fish. A lowered pH tends to neutralize toxic metals. The accumulation of such metals in fish contaminates food chains of which we are a part as these metals can make fish unfit for human consumption. Acidification of a lake causes a reduction of the production of phytoplankton (which is a primary producer) as well as in the productivity of the growth of many other aquatic plants. In acidic conditions, zooplankton species will probably becompletely eliminated. In addition, bacterial decomposition of dead matter is seriously retarded in acidified lake waters. Other effects of acidic conditions arean overfertilization of algae and other microscopic plant lifecausing algae blooms. Overgrowth of these consumes quickly most of the oxygen in water thus causing other life forms to die from oxygen starvation.

When there are excessive base or acid in waters, not only do aquatic organisms get affected but animals who depend on aquatic plants to survive will starve too, since few aquatic plants survive in such conditions. Therefore each organism in the aquatic ecosystem is effected by excessive basic or acidic conditions because anything affecting one organism will affect the food chain, sending repercussions throughout the entire ecosystem.

v) The factors that govern this plants location, if this plant employs 40% of the towns people

The major factors that would govern this plants location would be whether there is ready access to raw materials; whether the location is close to major transportation routes; whether energy resources are readily available and if there is an adequate water supply in the area. Since this plant would employ 40% of the towns people, the plant should be close to the town while still far enough so that in case of any leakage of the plant, the town will be within a safe distance of being severely affected. The factor of whether the general living conditions in the area are suitable for the workers should also be considered as well.

Additional Comments

a) The situation of pollution in the Great Lakes and process being used to start cleaning it up-comments Everyday, roughly 60 kilograms of toxic chemicals enter the lakes, nearby land and air. Pollution of the Great Lakes has become an increasingly serious problem. Just in Lake Ontario, hundreds of thousands of tons of contaminants have been deposited over the years. These include DDT, PCBs, mercury, dioxins and mirex, a pesticide. About 4.6 million people depend on Lake Ontario alone for drinking water. The environmental problem of greatest concern to Lake Ontario neighbours is water-discharged toxic chemicals and industrial air pollutants. Not only is this occurring in Lake Ontario but the other Great Lakes as well. The lakes probably have all these poisonous chemicals in them salts drained from urban streets, coliform bacteria from the sewage civilization plus a selection of substances such as phosphorus, polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metals. It is reported that the toxic chemicals in the Great Lakes basin are a health risk linked to brain damage, birth defects and cancer. All the predator species at the top of the food chain have shown health problems as a result of toxic chemicals building up in their bodies. Chemicals that exist in low levels in the air and water accumulate as they move up through the food chain. At present 5 million humans who live around the horridly polluted five Great Lakes face increasing health risks from environmental contaminants. Millions of people in the Great Lakes are exposed to hazardous chemicals. They drink them in the contaminated water, eat them concentrated in the flesh of the fish and breathe them in the air.

Mulroney said that the risks are too high and that we cannot afford any more risks. He said pollution problems could be fought under a three-stage plan over the next decade

1) A toxic freeze banning new polluters from putting up pipes or smokestacks in the region

) An attack on non-point sources of pollution, such as run-off from streets and farms where groundwater is loaded with pesticides.

) A crackdown on existing polluters when their smoke and sewer-discharge permits come up for renewal, requiring them to scale down their pollution. Consumers can also help by demanding pesticide-free food. International agreements have been made to clean up the Great Lakes. Canadas federal Conservative government has announced in 18 to spend $15 million over five years on Great Lakes cleanup. By one estimate, it may cost as much as $100 billion to retrieve the purity of the Great Lakes once had.

b) The treatment of water for drinking and water purifiers one can purchase-comments As the peoples uncertainty to the quality of our drinking water increases, many more people are buying water treatment devices and purifiers. Even though most treated tap water is fit to drink, people are losing faith in the government to keep it that way. therefore purifier leave become increasingly popular among consumers. However each of the most popular cleansing methods has some disadvantages. Many filters use some form of activate carbon. However, few carbon filters alone do a very good job of reducing heavy metals such as lead even though the smallest sink-tap charcoal strainer will make cloudy water look and taste a bit better. Distillation units turn water to steam and recondense it to a cleaner state. This process has its disadvantages, too for they can also pass along harmful chemicals with low boiling points into the water. Another water treatment device is the reverse-osmosis device which uses sophisticate membranes to separate pure water from impure. Even though this is effective, three gallons of water for every good one produced is generally wasted. Some machines zap germs with lethal doses of ultraviolet light. A specific example of a water filter is the NSA 000HM high density filter. This filtration unit is designed to remove lead, iron, sulfur and manganese from your drinking water supply. Still another example is a water treatment system called the NSA Bateriostatic water treatment system. This system removes chlorine, bad taste and odours, reduces undissolved particles (sediment, discolouration, etc.) and inhibits bacteria growth.

Each of these processes can reduce impurities in your water supply and many machines as suggested by the above examples combine several approaches.

c) BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE KEY EVENTS IN THE U.S.-CANADA

RELATIONS WITH RESPECT TO CLEANING UP THE GREAT LAKES

17 the U.S. chairman of the International Joint Commission, announced to study to determine the polluting effects on the Great Lakes urban development and agricultural land use, find remedies and estimate cleanup costs; Canada and the United States signed a Great Lakes Quality Agreement.

174 Canadians say the cleanup financed by Washington is already running far behind the schedule envisaged when the agreement was signed.

178 Canada and the United States agreed to the goal of zero discharge of pollution.

187 the goal made in 178 is made again, this means both countries agreed to work toward completely eliminating persistent toxic pollutants, not just the amount being discharged by industry; Mulroney also proposed that the U.S. slash industrial sulfide and nitrogen oxide emissions by half before 14.

The Canada-U.S. International Joint Commission meets every two years to discuss pollution and other issues concerning the Great Lakes, At present, they are making a ten-year headline for the Great Lakes to be cleaned up.

Bibliography

Encyclopedias

Collier Encyclopedia, volume , U.S.A. MacMillan Educational Company, New York, 184.

Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, volume 18, U.S.A. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 17.

Science & Technology Illustrated The World Around U.S., Volume , U.S.A Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, 184.

Articles

Cleaning Up By Cleaning Up Newsweek Feb. 7, 18.

Deadline Urged for Cleanup of Great Lakes, Toronto Star, Oct. 14, 18.

Great Afflictions of the Great Lakes, The Globe and Mail, Oct. 14, 18.

Great Lakes Pollution as a Political Issue, The Globe and Mail, Oct. 16, 18.

N.Y. Accused of Overlooking Pollution in Lake, Toronto Star, Feb. 6, 10.

Pact On Great Lakes Cleanup Not Working, Greenpeace Says, Globe and mail, July 1, 18.

The Clean Water Industry Grows on Fear, Uncertainty, Toronto Star, Jan. 8, 10.

Information Scarce On Great Lakes Chemicals, The Globe and Mail, Oct. 14, 18.

Others

Countdown Acid Rain, Facts Ministry of the Environment, 18.

Sanderson, Kimberly, Acid Forming Emissions, Canada Environment Council of Edmonton, Alberta, 184.

The New How It Works, volume , Westport Connecticut; H.S. Stuttman Inc., 187.

Weller, Phil., Acid Rain Silent Crisis, Canada Between the Lines, 180.

Sponsored Listings

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Acid rain - Acid rain Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rai

air polution - Air Pollution, contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid,

None_Provided - Acid Rain Acid rain is a great problem in our world. It causes fi

Air Pollution - With the great concern surrounding the destruction of the earths

air polution - Acid rain is a problem that has plagued earth for years. It is poi

Wonders - Air pollution Introduction With the great concern surrounding the destr

None_Provided - Air Pollution, contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid

fossil fuels - Science. fossil fuels FOSSIL FUELS. Contents References I. Intro

starch - Science . starch STARCH Starch is a white, granular, organic chemical tha

THOUGHTS ON ACID RAIN - Acid Rain THOUGHTS ON ACID RAIN Acid rain is a serious pr



Please note that this sample paper on Acid rain is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Acid rain, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Acid rain will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!