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If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on the advent of technologies. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality the advent of technologies paper right on time.

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Surveillance technology has improved greatly since the 160s when federally mandated bank cameras could not even capture the movements of people. The first documented instance of police surveillance was in Hoboken, New Jersey in 166. After five years, the system was credited with only two arrests and was dismantled.


The advent of digital technologies in the 10s has improved picture quality and made offsite monitoring through the Internet much easier. Still, analysts are most often called upon to work with more primitive analog tape footage.


One of the most common problems video forensic analysts say they confront is overuse of tapes. When a tape is used more than a dozen or so times, the image begins to literally drop off the tape due to chemical deterioration, resulting in grainy footage.


Surveillance with no particular purpose, where information can be recorded and stored and there is no oversight and accountability, is clearly a problemHe expects that Starbucks, for example, one of the most aggressive purveyors of hot spots, will eventually decide its more important to have the service -- which will cause users to linger and drink $4.50 coffees -- than to make money from it per se. Rafer says giving service away costs as little as $.50 a day, while charging for it can be more than $0 a day. The equipment is on a Moores law curve, but the billing systems are not, he adds.


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So lets just assume that the infrastructure is coming into place. What devices will we use? Rafer says that within a year all the major cell phone manufacturers will offer the kind of phone were all likely to want -- with both GSM GPRS (high-bandwidth cell phone data), and Wi-Fi. Cisco already has a precursor to that -- its 760 IP phone, which is meant to be used on a wireless LAN.


He faults the carriers, especially in Europe, for a hubristic presumption they can control their destiny. He says their immature business planning processes arent prepared for a disruptive technology, because theyve never really seen one in their industry.


By contrast, he says, Microsoft and Intel and Sony and others have realized they cant predict the outcome. So when they see a disruptive technology coming they bet on all sides of it, just like a venture capitalist. They know they have to continue to dominate, and whatever money they lose by betting wrong is lost in the profits from eventually winning. He thinks the carriers should be much more scared of Microsofts disruptive intentions than they are.


This gets more interesting with the recent surrender by Verizon on the cell phone number portability battle. Its a subject that has had me gritting my teeth for years. For the cell phone industry to argue, as it has, that a lack of number portability isnt anti-consumer is idiotic.


Obviously cell users would rather not have to change their number in order to lower their bills, so we in many cases (like mine with AT&T) are forced to remain with mediocre service in order to be reachable. Now one of the top players has finally given in to logic, under gentle but steady pressure from the FCC.


AP) -- Youve crammed several years of high school Spanish classes into your brain, but when you try to speak the language, nothing comes out.


A high school student may know a lot more than they are able to show, said Constancio Nakuma, languages department chairman at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina. Production lags behind competence.


Nakuma cites the process when a child begins to master his first, native, tongue. In the first two years of our life, we listen to everything the people around us say. During this time, our minds are building our competency of the language. When we start to produce the language, we rarely start with full sentences and phrases, but rather with single words, and from there we build our productivity.


Nakuma also thinks that most American children begin language studies too late. After puberty, which happens on average around age 1, it is harder to learn a language and sound native. Before then, it is relatively easier. Most language programs in U.S. schools start at or later than this period.


Nakumas colleague Roger Simpson, a Clemson lecturer who has taught both high school- and college-level Spanish, also cites the accelerated speed of the material when the student reaches college. Whats covered in one college class equals two or three classes in high school, he said.





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If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Pixels Matching and Error Scaling. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Pixels Matching and Error Scaling paper right on time.

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This method is the most simple to implement on Micro controllers as the complexity of the the equation is very simple. This method emphasize more on the match of the location of the pixels. Weights are not involve in the calculation of matching percentage but will be require during training of the net.


The result of the recognition ins base on the number sum of matching pixels divide by then total of pixel scan. To improve the performance of the method error scaling in introduce. When ever there is a mismatch, a error value with is a few times more is added. this will cause the sum of match value to decrease.


This method will not work well if the scan pixel is below


0. As the less pixel mean that each mismatch will take up more percentage. It will be every effective if it is use with image more then 100 where the weight of each pix is only 1%.


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When using this method the result will be more actual as the Error will be proportional to the number of pixel and is scale according to the value weight.


Example if your input device (camera) give you a image of resolution 100 by 80 Pix. Then the size if each character template will be of size of 8000 Bytes. The size of the weight will depend on user, the more number you can have in your weights the better your system.














A negative value in the weight template signify that the template is expecting a negative value in the input image.


Result when the input when it is compare with the Template 1 and will be


Assume that the value of A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I = 1


Recog % (Template 1) = {-10(A+B+G) + 10(B+D+E+F+H+I)} / Sum of Template (0) ---- Total mismatch


Recog % (Template ) = {-10(A+C+D+E+F+G+H) - 10I} / Sum of Template (0) ---- Total 1 mismatch


The value Recog % (Template 1) is 0 %


The value Recog % (Template ) is 0 %


This process is then repeated till all the templates have been compared. With enough training to the system , normally the one with the highest percentage is the one that is most similar to the input hence the letter.


Note that in real life situation the value of the weights will not be so nicely valued like the one I had. It may be of any values depending on how the user define it.





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If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Character Analysis Callum Murdoch(Carved Box). What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Character Analysis Callum Murdoch(Carved Box) paper right on time.

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The main character of The Carved Box is a fifteen-year-old boy named Callum Murdoch. Callum moves from Scotland to his Uncles house near Hamilton Ontario when his parents die. While Callum is waiting for his uncle to pick him up, He sees a man abusing his dog. Callum decides to use the money that was supposed to go to his uncle for his keep, to buy the dog. The man who sold him the dog gave him a carved box and told Callum as long as u don’t brake the box, the dog will be your faithful servant.


When Callum meets his uncle he explains how there was something about the dog that made him want to rescue it. Even thought his uncle could have used the money, he wasn’t mad at Callum. Uncle Rory and his family lived on a farm and he knew that Callum would be a good help.


Callum finds life in Upper Canada vary different from Scotland and is not use to all of the chores. The only thing that makes it easier for him is dog. Callum begins to realize that there is a mystery about Dog and the carved box. Dog seems to understand humans and is able to help Callum with his jobs.


At fifteen Callum Murdoch is orphaned and must leave behind the city life that he enjoyed in Edinburgh. He is grateful that his United Empire Loyalist uncle gives him a home on a farm near Hamilton Ontario, but the drastic change in lifestyle and the back-breaking physical labour, at times appear to be more than he can bear. His only consolation is Dog, the filthy, half-starved mongrel that Callum unaccountably spends all of his savings to rescue from an abusive owner. Dog seems to be endowed with mysterious powers � able to avoid a catastrophe or communicate with an enraged mother bear. Will Callum and Dog be able to forge a new life in this new land, Canada?


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If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Justice and Society: Control Mechanisms. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Justice and Society: Control Mechanisms paper right on time.

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Maintaining order and promoting predictability of behavior are the products of a society using social control techniques. There are two basic methods of social control The internalization of group norms and control through external pressures. (Vago,11) These methods can be categorized as informal and formal control mechanisms. The style of social control is contingent upon such factors as the size and complexity of the society, consensus of norms and values, and ideologies.


Informal social controls are common in smaller, traditional and homogeneous societies. Behavior and control are not carried out through official group mechanisms and no one is specifically designated to be in charge of enforcement. Social control is primarily dependant upon self-sanctioning. Relationships in these societies are face-to-face and the social interaction is between neighbors. Members participate in local organizations, have stable family relationships, and are less likely to move geographically.


Most individuals conduct themselves in an acceptable manner because they fear disapproval from family, friends, and neighbors. Deviates are exposed to control mechanisms such as gossip, ridicule, and humiliation.


Formal social controls are more common in societies that have a diverse population. Other common traits include lack of direct communication, absence of similar values, attitudes, and standards of conduct. As societies become more complex and diversified, economic inequities occur, expectations rise, and groups with different interests struggle competitively. With all of this comes the need for formal social control mechanisms.


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Formal social control is characterized by “ (1) explicit rules of conduct, () planned use of sanctions to support the rules, and () designated officials to interpret and enforce the rules and often to make them.” (Vago, 1) These formal social controls commence when informal controls are inadequate to preserve conformity. Laws, rewards and penalties are all types of formal social control. Laws are social controls that are activated when other forms of control mechanisms are ineffective or unavailable.


Approximately 0 million Americans regularly use marijuana. Its use among the young has risen rapidly since 18. (Vago, 11) 50 percent of the marijuana consumed in the United Stated is produced domestically. (Vago, 1) Laws, fines, and imprisonment are all forms of formal social control mechanisms aimed at preventing the use of illicit drugs. Millions of dollars are budgeted each year for specific government agencies and special enforcement programs designed to enforce these controls. Yet, with all of this money and effort extended, approximately 80 percent of Americans will still try an illicit drug by their mid-0s. American markets absorb over 60 percent of the world’s products of illegal drugs. (Vago, 11)


The illegal drug industry continues to be very profitable. The massive supply of drugs on the market keeps the price for consumers nominal. It is obvious that the laws, negative sanctions and millions of dollars spent on enforcement have not successfully impacted the use, buying, or selling of illicit drugs in the United Stated.


Education and public service announcements are two types of informal social control methods targeting the use of illegal drugs. One televised commercial described an egg frying in a pan as your brain on drugs. This was so popular that T-shirts were made with a picture of the egg and frying pan. Drug awareness and resistance education (D.A.R.E.) is a popular school based program conducted by police officers to fifth and sixth graders. The program educates children on the legal and health dangers of drug use. Community role models are also used and the children make a pledge in front of their classmates declaring that they will not use drugs.


The effectiveness of these control methods are difficult to gauge. I doubt anyone seriously contemplating using cocaine will be persuaded not to due to a television commercial. However, I do believe it reinforces that society considers drug use as wrong and not normal behavior.





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If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Catcher in the Rye- questions. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Catcher in the Rye- questions paper right on time.

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Comprehension Exercises


1. Read the conversation between Holden and Mr Antolini (pp. 1-8)


• What does Mr Antolini mean by ‘some kind of terrible fall’?


The ‘some kind of terrible fall’ meant that Holden was falling because he thought the world couldn’t provide what he needed, Holden needed love, but in a world full of corruption and phonies, love was non-existent.


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• Is Mr Antolini able to help Holden?


Mr Antolini was unable to help Holden because Holden didn’t really listen to what Mr Antolini was saying. Mostly because he was very tired.





‘Boy, I felt so damn tired all of a sudden.’ pp. 16


• Where else in the novel does the theme of ‘falling’ occur?


The theme of ‘falling’ occurred in the part where Holden was talking to his sister, Phoebe, about what he really wanted to do. Holden wanted to be a catcher in the rye. He wanted to catch the little kids playing in the rye and stop them falling off the cliff. This symbolised Holden’s belief that children should be protected from losing their innocence. This meant keeping them away from the adults’ world.


‘What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff…’ pp. 156


. Read from ‘Anyway, I kept walking’ to ‘another school again’ (pp. 04-5)


• Try to imagine Holden’s experience as he is walking up 5th Avenue.


When Holden was walking up 5th Avenue, he must have felt very lonely and sad. And then, all of a sudden, he got this feeling of falling every time he stepped off the curb at the end of each block. Holden was really scared, and every time he got to the end of each block, he would pray to his dead brother Allie not to let him disappear. And he actually thanked Allie when he didn’t disappear. Holden kept on going and going until he was out of breath.


• Can you identify with this feeling?


I can’t personally identify with this feeling but I think Holden’s mind was very unstable. Holden was having a mental breakdown.


• What is the significance of his fear of disappearing?


I think the significance of Holden fearing that he would disappear was that he was afraid to leave this world, a world which he despise because it was full of imperfections. Holden wanted to stay so he could be a catcher in the rye and save the little kids from falling of the cliff and losing their innocence when they come into contact with the adult world.


• Relate this to other themes in the novel concerned with falling and death.


The part about Holden fearing he would disappear and fall down can be related to other themes of this novel, mainly with the part where Holden wanted to be a catcher in the rye to stop other kids from falling off the cliff. And the part at the end where Holden felt that he didn’t need to prevent Phoebe from falling of the horse at the carousel because he understood that children will inevitably come into contact with the adult world.


• Why is he talking to Allie?


Holden was talking to Allie because Allie was dead, and Allie was someone who he really liked and respected. Allie and Holden were really good friends because to Holden, Allie was the only person apart from Phoebe who was honest and nice and full of love and innocence. Holden loved Allie because he never lost his childhood innocence.


. Read from ‘While I was walking’ to ‘principal’s office’ (pp. 07 � 8) and from ‘I went down’ to ‘It’s impossible’ (p. 08).


• What is the significance of Holden trying to rub out the obscene words.


The significance of Holden trying to rub out the obscene words was that it showed Holden as someone who really believed that children’s innocence should be preserved. That was the reason he was so angry when he discovered the obscene words on the stairs, because he didn’t want the little kids seeing it and wondering what it meant.


• Relate this incident to the theme of innocence in the novel.


This incident was closely related to the theme of innocence in the novel as it portrayed Holden’s view of children as the ultimate example of innocence and they shouldn’t grow up and lose their innocence.


4. Read from ‘I was getting’ to ‘You know that?’ (pp. 15 � 4).


• How would you describe Holden’s relationship with Carl?


I would describe Holden’s relationship with Carl as past acquaintances. They were not really friends and the only reason they talked to each other was because they knew each other from Whooton. Holden only talked to Carl because he didn’t have anyone else to talk to. He thought Carl was a pretty amusing guy and very much a pain in the ass.


• What do we learn about Holden’s attitude to sexuality from this extract?


From this extract, I learned that Holden has this problem of not feeling sexy towards someone he didn’t like. And he would only feel sexy towards someone he really liked; otherwise he would lose interest and desire for her.


• What do you think Holden’s overall attitude to sexuality is?


From this extract, I think Holden was very interested in sex, but he can only feel sexy towards someone he really liked and he thought his sex life was lousy because of it. But from previous extracts, Holden was aroused by kinky sex, even though he felt bad about it. Also, he didn’t think one should have casual sex with someone else if one didn’t know the person very well.


5. Consider Antolini’s advice to Holden ‘The mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one’ (p. 15).


• Do you agree with this statement? How does this advice relate to Holden?


I totally agree with this statement as it perfectly described the situation Holden was in. Holden, who was quite immature for his age, wanted to die nobly for a cause, and that cause was to keep all the children to stay innocent of the adult world, which he considered to be corrupt and immoral.


6. Consider the following conversation between Holden and his history teacher, Mr Spencer.


‘What did Mr Thurmer say to you, boy? I understand you had quite a little chat.’


‘Yes, we did. We really did. I was in his office for around two hours, I guess.’


‘What’d he say to you?’


‘Oh…well, about Life being a game and all. And how you should play it according to the rules. He was pretty nice about it. I mean he didn’t hit the ceiling or anything. He just kept talking about Life being a game and all. You know.’


‘Life is a game, boy. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules.’


‘Yes, sir. I know it is. I know it!’


‘Game my ass. Some game. If you get on the right side where all the hot-shots are, then it’s a game all right � I’ll admit that. But if you get on the other side, where there aren’t any hot-shots, then what’s a game about it? Nothing. No game.’ (pp. 1-1)


• What does Mr. Spencer mean when he says life is ‘a game’? What are the rules that he is referring to?


Mr. Spencer meant that life was like game where there were rules that everyone has to stick to. The rules he was referring to were the laws of society. Written, as well as unwritten laws.


• Discuss Holden’s response to Mr. Spencer. What does Holden mean? Give examples of some of the ‘hot-shots’ that Holden is talking about.


Holden didn’t think it was much of a game if you were a loner and had no friends who were either rich or well liked. The ‘hot-shots’ Holden was talking about were people, who were rich, went to rich schools, wore expensive clothes, lived in luxury and have enormous power. In Holden’s opinion, only if you were like these ‘hot-shots’ or were friends of these people, can you then have a game.


• In what way are they playing life according to the rules? Give examples of ‘the other side,’ i.e. where ‘there aren’t any hot-shots’. How is life to them ‘no game’.


They were playing life according to the rules by going to school, obeying the law, go to church, have a job, get a family, etc…People who were on the side without any ‘hot-shots’ were poor, socially awkward and without friends who were rich. Life was no game because they would lose every time because of their disadvantages.


7. Discuss the symbolic significance of the following


• The red hunting cap


The red hunting cap represented protection for Holden. It kept him warm and comfortable, something that he hasn’t received from the people around him.


• Winter


The winter represented whiteness and innocence and Christmas, a time of loving and giving.


• The museum


The museum symbolised time being still, and to Holden it meant that children won’t have to grow up and therefore they won’t have to come into contact with the adult world. A world of corruption and deception.


• The ducks on Central Park lake


The ducks symbolised disappearance. Holden wondered what happened to the ducks at the lake when it was winter and when the lake was frozen over. He didn’t want to end up like the ducks and disappear.


• The carousel


The carousel symbolised the happiness and innocence of childhood. Holden was so happy that he cried when he saw Phoebe was having fun on the carousel.


• Allie’s baseball mitt


Allie’s baseball mitt showed that Allie was an intelligent and sensitive child. It was also a representation of childhood innocence.


• New York


New York represented everything Holden hated about the adults’ world. It was a city full of ugliness and corruption. Full of phonies and snobs and where everyone pretended to be something they were not. A city without love and it made Holden feel unwanted and lonely.


• The ‘catcher’ in the rye


The ‘catcher’ in the rye symbolised Holden’s belief that children must be protected from ‘falling’ into the adults’ world. A world which would make them lose their innocence and make them immoral and unloving.





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War Torn





‘Damn siren, just as I was dozing off,” I mutter to myself. I wearily tumble out of bed and start pulling boots and shirt on. It’s just another false alarm, like they always are.


Grabbing my gas mask and chemical gloves I head out to check the night sky while standing in our bunker. “James” flies out of the tent (I call her that because her morning hair reminds me of James Brown). We check the night sky to see if we can count the SCUD’s over head. That is when it happens an eardrum-shattering BOOM!!!!


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“Holy Shit!! We are coming under attack!!!” I bellow out to James.


Oh my God!! James and I look at each other for a brief second not knowing what the hell to do. The ground begins to shake, then intensifies. I feel my feet fly out from under me; all of a sudden I am floating in a prone position through the air.


Death is a passing thought. Fear courses through my veins as my panicked breathing fogs up my gas mask lenses.


I see my life flash before my eyes, the moments of sadness and joy, my Mommy and sisters. Thoughts of never seeing them again bring a sense of sorrow to my heart. I make peace with God because I know this is the end.


I understand in that brief moment the meaning of fear; a fear that rises up like bile from its deep, dark internal hiding place. Fear like this not only has its own taste, but its own sound. A rolling, whooshing deafening sound that blocks out all reasonable, coherent thought. And then, the moment is gone as reality of the ground hits me square on the back; knocking the wind out of me. I roll over and James and I grab each other hugging and sobbing. Thankful we are alive.


I lost a part of me in that forsaken hellhole of a desert and have often wondered if I would get it back. I am resigned though that I won’t ever find that missing piece of myself, but I still look for it sometimes when I pull out my souvenir of the SCUD missile that hit 8 miles outside our main gate that day.





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An Analysis of Early Algonquian Fur Trade





Fur trade between Algonquian Native Americans in the North East, and early European settlers can be seen as the beginning of the end for the Algonquian way of life, both culturally and physically. As European tools and weapons were introduced to these Native American peoples, Algonquians began to abandon there their own specialized methods of hunting, harvesting, and garment making. As seen in the film Ikwe , just as beaver furs were popular with Europeans, rifles became popular amongst the Algonquians.


During the 1500 and 1600’s, spring fur trading amongst European settlers and Native Americans began to take off. With the help of trading posts and middlemen, usually Native Americans themselves, European settlers traded mass-produced goods such as rifles, clothing, tools, and food with the Algonquians. In turn Europeans would receive a predetermined amount of furs and hides which Algonquian tribes had hunted and collected over the previous winter. Trade between tribes and settlers weren’t without their share of double-dealings. In Ikwe, the viewer is enlightened as to how the middlemen would use the language barrier between the Algonquian and the settler to their own advantage. Since the middlemen were usually the only people who could speak both English and the Native American tongue, they would often negotiate the trade to benefit themselves more than they had originally planned. Algonquians were not necessarily always taken advantage of. If they were offered a better deal by a different group of settlers, then they were free to end the trade with the previous group in order to trade with the better offer. The fur trade era also perpetuated competition between tribes for European goods and led many tribes to distrust one another.


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In Salisbury’s “Manitou and Providence”, the reader learns of the “virgin soil epidemic”. As the settlers migrated from Europe to the Americas they also brought along their diseases. In the case of the Algonquians, they came in contact with small pox in a variety of ways. Small pox spread through transmission by a sneeze, cough, sexual contact, and even through garments and blankets that were contaminated upon trade. Since the natives had no previous exposure to such diseases their immunity to them was virtually null. The spread of small pox was rapid and seeing as there wasn’t a cure many Algonquians perished. Tribes were decimated as elders, and children fell ill, and eventually succumbed to the pox. The settlers on the other hand were not as susceptible to the pox as the Algonquians. The spread of small pox had a negative effect on the fur trade. With fewer tribesmen to perform the hunting and skinning during the winter months many tribes lost out on trade with the settlers. This also meant fewer tribesmen and women to gather food and preserve the culture and heritage of the particular tribe, which may have eventually led to the demise of the tribe as a whole. On the other hand, settlers were able to find other Algonquian tribes to trade with.


As the years went by, the language barrier between the Algonquians and settlers began to diminish, and so did the need for “middlemen”. Trading posts began to spring up and down the river valleys of the North East U.S. and Montreal. Eventually the trading posts began to give way to small towns and villages of settlers. This did not bode well for the Algonquian natives, as the towns were in close proximity to the occupied Algonquian territories. Relationships between the natives and the settlers were strained. Puritans saw the natives as savages that lacked Christian belief, and the ability to live within the confines of law and order. As the fur trade industry began to die down in the late 1600 and early 1700’s, so did the settlers tolerance for the natives. Minor skirmishes amongst the two cultures eventually turned in to full-fledged battles/ bloodbaths as seen in the “Mystic River Massacre” , in which several hundred Pequot, mostly women, were slaughtered by British troops.


Over the course of roughly two centuries, the Algonquian natives were robbed of their culture, land, and heritage. This was the product of what early on appeared to be a friendly, mutualistic relationship with early European settlers. Once the settlers had little use for the natives, i.e. the demise of the fur trade, they began to acquire their land usually through force. With the onset of small pox and no steady supply of guns and ammunition the natives were doomed. Through the course of the fur trade natives had become too dependent upon European goods for survival, which led to their eventual demise and displacement.





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